Improvement in lamps



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E'-51 j l'. y l- A f ff' H281 i PATENTE@ Y NCA/261867 nitro istria s-tent @ffice THnononE cLoUGH, or DoBBs FERRY,l Gear-uveUnc,v NEW YORK. Lettere Patent No. {1,28 I,`dated Nocember 26, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS.

die tlptt'l tratta tu in tigers tstta' @anni mit mating part uf tip 1am.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, Tnnononn CLoueH,'o f Dobbs Ferry, town of Greenburg, in the county of Westches-` i ter, State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamps; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and correct description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings,"and to the letters of reference thereon.

My improvements more especially relate to lamps for burning naphtha, gasoline, and other similar light hydrocarbon inflammable oils or spirits, but they are, however, applicable to the burning of kerosene and other of the heavier illuminating oils, by properly reducing the length of the wick-tube, and relatively adjusting the other parts of the burner. My chief object, however, is to utilize, for the purposes of burning in lamps without v a chimney, the naphtha and gasoline of commerce, which, being produced in the distillation of petroleum for kerosene and other burning oils largely in. excess of the demand for them, are only salable at a very low price inthe market.

I have discovered that when air under pressure is injected into the middle of the body of the flame of a wick fed with naphtha, gasoline, and other inflammable oils, in the form of fine jets, such as would be projected by air forced through the nozzle of either a bat-wing or a jet-burner for coal gas, that the ame becomes smokeless, intensied, and stffened, so as to burn without a chimney, in the manner ofjets from gas-burners, and also takes the form of a gas-jet or jets, such as would be produced by the'emission of illuminatinglgasfrom the jetpipe nozzle if used without the accompanying wick, and with gas instead of compressediair'; and I have also discovered thatthis mode of supplying air under pressure centrally to and within the body of the Haine of the wick is applicable either to a solid round wick 'of suitable size or to a tubular wick, the nozzle of the air-jet tube being in each case applied immediately over the wick, above the middle'thereooso as to discharge its jet or jets of air into the middle of the flame from 'the wick.

My said invention consists, rst, in combining with the wick-tube of a lamp, suitable forburning hydrocarbon oils and other suitable'inilammable oils, a jet-pipe, having its discharging nozzle perforated lwith in'e holes, or`

by a ne slit, similar to the perforations or slits in gas-burners, when the discharging orifices are placed so that they are or may be brought directly over the middle of the wick, so as to dischargev air in the middle of the flame.

.Although I can apply the first part of my invention to lamps burning either a solid wick or a tubular wick,

I prefer to use the latter, because it enables me to carry the ar-je't pipe from within the lamp-reservoir up through the wick and'wick-tube in the middle thereof, andl to take the supply of air 'for the jet-pipe from a body of air forced into the upper p art of the lamp-reservoir, above the inflammable iuid therein whichsupplies the wick-a mode of supplying air in alamp to adiii'erent sort of air-jet apparatus that I have described in a. prior pending application for Letters Patent of the United States. This mode of supplying air to the jet-pipe keeps the top of the lamp cool, and prevents vapors `or gases from forming, or'carries them away immediately from the reservoir as they are formed, by reason of the heat of the wick-tube or other capses; and this part of my invention consists in combining with a wick-tube a centrally-placed air-jet tube, the nozzle, with itsidischarging aperture, being just above the wick, and the pipe leading down through the Wick-tube and opening intothe upper part of the lamp-reservoir, when said reservoir is provided with a pipe' or other suitable means of admit- -ting a constant stream of air, under pressure, into the u'pper part thereof. Also, inl combination with the airjet pipe, wic k-tnbe, and lamp-cap, an adjusting-screw, whereby thel relativeadjustment of the jet-pipe and flame maybe effected.

A nd my invention further consists in-'the employment ofa short cylindrical tubular wick in the upper part of the wick-tube, joining. the stationary wick in the lower part of the wick-tube." The short section of wick is a great convenience in trimming and cleaning the burner; Being removable, it can be readily lifted out to be cleaned and trimmed, to clean the burner generally, or to be replaced, without disturbing the rest of. the wick, which is a permanent, stationary, feeding-wick. I

' But in order to describe my invention more particularly, I will refer to the drawings by letters of reference.

Figure 1 of the drawings is an elevation of a lamp with my improvements, adapted to table use, shown about "half size,

Figure 2, sectional elevation of reservoir and burner of my improved lamp as adapted to tubular wicks.

Figure 3, sectional elevation, showing applicationy of the air-jet tothe middle of a solid wick.4

Figures 4 and 5, detached views, plan, and elevation of perforated nozzles for-air-j et tube.

In the drawing, iig. 3, there is represented in section the upper part of a lamp-reservoir, a, surmounteil by a screw-cap, b, which holds the wick-tube c, containing a roundwick, d. A sliding-tube, e, surrounds the wicktube, and serves to regulate the extent of the wick ignition by sliding it up and down, as the oase may be. A standard, f, .which rises from the lamp-cap, supports, by an adjustable holder, f', a. smalll pipe, g, which may be connected atthe outer end g with any suitable reservoir, or means of supplying air under pressure. The end of the pipe, which projects Vover the wick, is sealed hermetically, and a discharge aperture, h, similar to the slit of a bat-wing burner, is made across the upper side oi" the pipe, just over the middle of the wick. This form of construction gives a flame like that shown in iig. 1; but, as I have before said, I-prefer to construct my improvement in a form suitable for tubular wick, as shown in' figs. Nos. 1 and 2. In those iigures there is represented a reservoir, d, surmounted by a screw-cap, b, which holds a wick-tube, c, containing a tubularl` w'ick in two parte, the lower part being stationary in the wick-tube, and the upper part, or short tubular section d', is removable, upwards, for the purpose of trimming, or replacing when partially consumed. This? short tubular section may be made by' cutting off a section-from a long woven tubular wick, or by winding a narrow strip of woven wicking around a mandrel, and securing the outer iiap by sewing or tying with a thread. A sliding regulating' tube, e, surrounds the wick-tube, as usual, to regulate the "extent of the wick ignition. The air-jet tube y issupported inthe central part of the wick-tube by the bracket '1,' and adjusting-screw j. The upper end of the air-jet tube rises a little above the wick, and terminates in a bulb or nozle, in which is cut a ne slit, l, like the slit in a bat-wing gas-burner. The position of the discharge aperture h relatively to the wick is regulated by the adjusting-screwj. This form of air-jet under pressure gives a dame 'similarto that of a gas dame from a bat-wing burner. If .it lis desired to have the ilame'ofl the lamp take the form of radial jets, a finelyperforated nozzle, like that shown in figs. 4 and 5, may be used. The lower end y ot' the wick-tube is open, so as to receive air under pressure from the upper part of the lamp-reservoir, the wick,` which is tubular within the wick-tube, being either ilat or bifurcated below the lamp-cap, to allow free communication between the airjet tube and the reservoir. I The iniiammable iiuid which supplies the `wick is placed in the reservoir, filling the same up to the dotted'line a', the space. above being necessary for the air. It' desired, ya illing-tube maybe placed at the side oi" the reservoir, surmounted by the usuall screw-cap, in such position that the lamp cannot be filled through it above the dotted line. The pressure of the air I use is about the ordinary pressure at which illuminating vgas burns steadily. Air underpressure may be admitted by a pipe entering the reservoir in any manner, and discharging into the'upper part oi' the same near the lamp-cap, but I prefer the way shown in the drawings. The air-supply pipe 7c enters 'the reservoir `through the neck m, at the bottom of the reservoir, a

tubular plug, n, being soldered in the neck to hold the pipe c, and prevent leakage of the iniiammable liquid. A coupling stopstock,p, serves to Vunite the lamp-reservoir to a. hollow stand, g, through which a pipe, r, passes, `and is connected with the stop-cock` in the same manner asin table gas-burnerstands, and also may be connected aty the base of the stand, by a iexible or other connecting `pipe,with a reservoir of air under pressurefin the manner thatrtable-stand gas-burners are connected with a source of supply of gas under pressure.

I do not wish to be understood as claiming broadly the applicationoi` air under pressure to the flame of a 'wick to produce an intense flame, or for illuminating purposes; that has been done before my inventionby substantially dierent means. In a former application I have described jets of air, under pressure, impinging upon a lamp-frame laterally from a point-or points outside the dame, and impelled air lhas been applied to a dame within a surrounding cap-delector like the deilector of an ordinary kerosene lot-wick lamp.

I claim as my invention and improvement in lampsy 1. The combination of an air-jet pipe with the wick-tube of a lamp, when the air-jet pipe is so constructed and arranged as to be capable of discharging air under pressure, in a fine jet or jets, in the middle of the dame of the wick, just above the wick, 'suhstantiallyas described. i

2. The arrangement of the air-jet pipe within the wick-tube and lamp-reservoir, when the reservoir is pro vided with a supply-pipe, by which air is admitted to the upper part of the same, substantially asdoscribed.

3. In combination with the air-jet pipe and wick-tube, an adjustingscrew or its equivalent, whereby the.

position of the discharge-aperture of the air-jet pipe relatively to the wick and wick-tube may be determined.4 4. The short tubular removable wick or section of wick, to be used with the stationary wick, substantially d "b d. as escri e THEODORE GLOUGH.

Witnesses:

F, CnTaEADwELL, Jr., Jas. S. WIGHTMAN, 

